Kajian Teknologi Alternatif Pengolahan Sampah Padat Perkotaan menjadi Energi Terbarukan Ramah Lingkungan

Mochamad Syamsiro; Prabang Setyono; Kristiana Hariyanti; Gatot Sutanto

doi:10.32528/jp.v9i1.1757

Authors

Mochamad Syamsiro UNIVERSITAS JANABADRA
Prabang Setyono Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Kristiana Hariyanti Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Surakarta
Gatot Sutanto Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPEDA) Kota Surakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32528/jp.v9i1.1757

Keywords:

sampah kota, energi dari sampah, insinerasi, pirolisis, gasifikasi

Abstract

Seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk dan pertumbuhan ekonomi, maka terjadi peningkatan timbunan sampah di hampir semua kota di Indonesia. Sementara kondisi tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) sampah saat ini sudah atau hampir penuh, sehingga tidak bisa menampung sampah lebih banyak lagi. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada solusi jangka pendek untuk menjawab permasalahan kedaruratan sampah ini. Kajian ini menganalisis beberapa teknologi alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk mengolah sampah padat perkotaan menjadi sumber energi. Dari hasil review, teknologi termal merupakan proses yang paling cepat dan meninggalkan residu yang paling sedikit. Teknologi termal yang dapat diterapkan yaitu pembakaran/insinerasi, gasifikasi, dan pirolisis. Teknologi insinerasi dapat digunakan pada skala besar karena melibatkan proses yang menggunakan ketel uap (boiler) dan turbin. Sementara gasifikasi lebih cocok diterapkan pada skala yang lebih kecil dengan menggunakan mesin gas atau mesin diesel sebagai pembangkit listriknya. Sedangkan pirolisis lebih sesuai untuk jenis sampah homogen dan tertentu seperti plastik dan ban bekas.

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