Analisis Termodinamika Siklus Kompresi Uap pada Lemari Es Vaksin Medis dengan Variasi Phase Change Material Menggunakan Refrigeran R600a

Abstract

Kegagalan rantai dingin vaksin akibat suhu ekstrem dan ketidakstabilan pasokan listrik merupakan tantangan kritis bagi program imunisasi di negara tropis, termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini menganalisis secara komparatif pengaruh empat variasi Phase Change Material (PCM) terhadap beban pendinginan dan performa termodinamika lemari es vaksin berbasis refrigeran R600a, dengan fokus pada pembuktian bahwa integrasi PCM tidak mendegradasi efisiensi energi sistem selama operasi normal, sebuah aspek yang belum dikaji secara eksplisit pada konfigurasi dinding komposit bertingkat untuk konteks iklim tropis. Pemodelan kondisi tunak dilakukan pada suhu ambiens 43 °C sesuai standar WHO PQS. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa CrodaTherm  5 menghasilkan beban pendinginan total terendah dan nilai Coefficient of Performance (COP) terbukti konstan pada 5,51 di seluruh variasi PCM. Temuan ini membuktikan bahwa PCM memberikan keuntungan ganda: resistansi termal sekunder pada operasi normal sekaligus kapasitas holdover time saat pemadaman listrik. Secara praktis, penelitian ini memberikan landasan teknis yang ter verifikasi bagi implementasi PCM pada lemari es vaksin di fasilitas kesehatan primer wilayah tropis, khususnya dalam mendukung keandalan rantai dingin pada kondisi infrastruktur listrik yang tidak stabil.

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Issue

Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): J-Proteksion

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Copyright (c) 2026 Ksatria Danuaji, Boni Sena, Aa Santosa, Fadhel Rahman, Muhammad Ikbal, Edlyn Farid Simanjuntak

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