Dampak Penggunaan AI Generatif terhadap Kemampuan Akademik Mahasiswa Keperawatan: Sistematika Review

Abstract

Saat ini perkembangan kecerdasan buatan generatif (GenAI) semakin besar seperti ChatGPT membawa perubahan signifikan dalam pendidikan tinggi keperawatan. Mahasiswa keperawatan berada pada posisi yang menuntut keseimbangan antara adopsi teknologi dan penguasaan kompetensi klinis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan dan mensintesis mengenai dampak penggunaan AI generatif terhadap kemampuan akademik mahasiswa keperawatan. Studi ini menggunakan scoping review dengan menganalisis artikel dari empat database akademik yaitu PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar untuk artikel berbahasa Inggris dan Indonesia yang terbit antara Januari 2019 hingga Maret 2025. Seleksi artikel dilakukan berdasarkan kerangka PCC (Population, Concept, Context) dan mengikuti panduan PRISMA-ScR. Dari 2.197 artikel yang teridentifikasi, sebanyak 10 studi dari 7 negara memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Terdapat empat tema utama: (1) peningkatan kemampuan akademik; (2) peningkatan pengalaman belajar; (3) pengembangan berpikir kritis dan kompetensi profesional; serta (4) tantangan dan dampak negatif penggunaan GenAI meliputi risiko hallucination, penurunan berpikir kritis akibat automation bias, kecenderungan plagiarisme, dan ketergantungan kognitif. Penggunaan AI generatif memiliki dampak positif dan negatif terhadap kemampuan akademik mahasiswa keperawatan. AI generatif sangat efektif sebagai alat bantu (supporting tool) dalam proses pembelajaran apabila diintegrasikan secara terstruktur ke dalam model pembelajaran hibrida dan didampingi oleh bimbingan dosen, serta ditunjang oleh pemahaman literasi AI yang memadai dari mahasiswa.

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Issue

Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 3 No. 1 Edisi April 2026 - SJoN: Scientific Journal of Nursing