Article Retraction & Withdrawal

1. Withdrawal
Authors are permitted to withdraw articles before they are processed to the peer review stage. Requests for withdrawal after an article has entered the review stage or early access publication are only permitted under certain conditions, such as:

-The article was submitted to another journal without notifying the editor (multiple submission).
-A formal request from all authors accompanied by strong reasons.
-Significant ethical or procedural errors.

Note: Unilateral withdrawal by authors without official confirmation from the editorial board will be considered a violation of publication ethics.

2. Retraction
Published articles may be withdrawn if the following are found:

Plagiarism is proven.

Reported data is manipulative or fabricated.

Substantial errors that affect the validity of the findings.

Unauthorized duplicate publication.

Serious violations of publication ethics.

If a retraction is carried out, the following steps will be taken:

The article will remain on the website with the note “Retracted” at the top of the article.

The article PDF will be watermarked with “Retracted.”

The reason for the retraction will be publicly disclosed.

3. Partial Retraction / Correction
If minor errors are found that do not affect the overall validity of the article, the following will be done:

Correction or

Erratum / Corrigendum,

without fully retracting the article.