Faktor Sosial dan Perilaku sebagai Prediktor Stunting pada Balita di Wilayah Pesisir
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32528/tijhs.v17i1.3284Keywords:
Faktor Sosial; Faktor Perilaku; Stunting; Wilayah PesisirAbstract
Stunting merupakan permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang kompleks, terutama di wilayah pesisir yang rentan terhadap keterbatasan akses pendidikan, ekonomi, dan layanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor sosial dan perilaku yang berkontribusi terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita di wilayah pesisir. Faktor sosial yang diteliti meliputi tingkat pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan orang tua, dan jumlah anak. Faktor perilaku yang diteliti meliputi praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif, pemberian MPASI, dan inisiasi menyusui dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel sebanyak 240 ibu dengan balita dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik. Hasil analisis chi-square menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan ibu (p=0,0001), pekerjaan orang tua (p=0,0004), jumlah anak (p=0,0000), praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif (p=0,0000), pemberian MPASI (p=0,0000), dan inisiasi menyusui dini (p=0,0335) dengan kejadian stunting. Analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anak >3 (OR=4,26) dan pemberian MPASI yang tidak adekuat (OR=3,97) merupakan prediktor paling kuat. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa stunting pada balita tidak hanya disebabkan oleh kondisi biologis, tetapi sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial dan perilaku pengasuhan. Kurangnya pengetahuan gizi, beban ekonomi keluarga, serta praktik pemberian makan yang tidak sesuai usia memperburuk kondisi gizi anak. Intervensi stunting di wilayah pesisir perlu difokuskan pada edukasi ibu tentang praktik pemberian makan yang tepat dan penguatan layanan kesehatan berbasis komunitas.References
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