Dampak Pariwisata Massal Terhadap Lingkungan dan Sosial-Budaya Dalam Pengembangan Kawasan Ibu Kota Nusantara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32528/sw.v8i1.3297Keywords:
Mass Tourism, Government Area, Impact, Economy, SocialAbstract
Penelitian ini secara kritis mengkaji dampak pariwisata massal pada sosial ekologis Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) dalam konteks keberlanjutan. Sebagai ibu kota baru dengan visi "kota hutan", IKN menghadapi dilema krusial antara potensi ekonomi pariwisata dan ancaman terhadap prinsip keberlanjutan. Melalui pendekatan mixed method, yang mengintegrasikan survei kuantitatif terhadap 400 responden dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci, studi ini menjembatani analisis dampak konvensional dengan realitas pembangunan IKN. Hasilnya menunjukkan pariwisata massal membawa dampak ekonomi positif signifikan melalui peningkatan pendapatan dan lapangan kerja, terbukti valid via analisis regresi linier. Namun, di sisi lain, ditemukan dampak negatif substansial pada aspek sosial—seperti ketimpangan, perubahan struktur masyarakat, dan potensi erosi budaya—serta dampak ekologis berupa degradasi lingkungan, penurunan kualitas air, dan tekanan infrastruktur. Uji t mengkonfirmasi disparitas signifikan dalam persepsi dampak antara masyarakat lokal dan wisatawan. Berdasarkan temuan ini, penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa tanpa pengelolaan yang sangat hati-hati, pariwisata massal berisiko mengkompromikan visi IKN sebagai kota hijau yang inklusif. Rekomendasi kebijakan strategis diusulkan, meliputi peningkatan infrastruktur ramah lingkungan, pengelolaan limbah efisien, pembatasan wisatawan di area sensitif, serta pemberdayaan dan pelibatan aktif masyarakat lokal. Tujuannya adalah memastikan pembangunan IKN yang holistik dan berkeadilan sosial.
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