Model Kelembagaan Tani Inklusif Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Petani Sawit Swadaya Di Kalimantan Tengah

Abstract

Kelembagaan pertanian memegang peranan penting sebagai wadah kolektif yang menjembatani kesenjangan struktural antara petani dan pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi eksisting peran kelompok tani serta posisi tawar petani kelapa sawit swadaya di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur, sekaligus mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas kelembagaan kelompok tani. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dari 200 responden petani sawit swadaya dan dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi saat ini, peran kelompok tani masih didominasi oleh fungsi administratif, sementara komunikasi dan koordinasi antaranggota belum berjalan secara optimal. Posisi tawar petani juga masih relatif lemah akibat tingginya ketergantungan terhadap tengkulak serta terbatasnya akses terhadap informasi harga. Hasil analisis struktural memperlihatkan bahwa kemampuan manajerial kelompok tani berpengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan peran kelompok tani (β = 0,510; p < 0,001). Selanjutnya, peran kelompok tani terbukti berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap posisi tawar petani (β = 0,464; p < 0,001). Sebaliknya, variabel lain seperti jumlah anggota, tingkat keaktifan, motivasi, dan luas lahan tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan dalam model. Oleh karena itu, penguatan kapasitas manajerial dan peningkatan aksi kolektif menjadi prasyarat penting agar kelompok tani mampu menjalankan peran yang lebih strategis dalam memperkuat posisi tawar petani sawit swadaya.

References

Abdul-Rahaman, A., & Abdulai, A. (2020). Farmer groups, collective marketing and smallholder farm performance in rural Ghana. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 10(5), 511–527. https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-07-2019-0095

Bachke, M. E. (2019). Do farmers’ organizations enhance the welfare of smallholders? Findings from the Mozambican national agricultural survey. Food Policy, 89, 101792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.101792

Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur. (2023). Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur dalam Angka 2023.

Courtois, P., & Subervie, J. (2014). Farmer bargaining power and market information services. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 97(3), 953–977. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aau051

Ebata, A., & Hernandez, M. A. (2017). Linking smallholder farmers to markets on extensive and intensive margins: Evidence from Nicaragua. Food Policy, 73, 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.09.003

Eskarya, H., & Elihami, E. (2019). The institutional role of farmer groups to develop. Jurnal Edukasi Non Formal, 1(1), 81–87. https://ummaspul.e-journal.id/JENFOL/article/view/205

Gaibi, N., Pathiassana, M. T., Lestian, Nuriman, Septiani, A. D., Saputri, N. A., & Pathiussina, R. T. (2022). Analisis peran kelompok tani dalam meningkatkan produktivitas madu lebah hutan di Kecamatan Lunyuk Kabupaten Sumbawa. Fruitset Sains: Jurnal Pertanian Agroteknologi, 10(4), 175–181.

Ghozali, I. (2015). Partial Least Square: Konsep, teknik, dan aplikasi menggunakan SmartPLS 3.0. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.

Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–151. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202

Jari, B., & Fraser, G. C. G. (2013). An analysis of institutional and technical factors influencing agricultural marketing amongst smallholder farmers in the Kat River Valley, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. 1(1), 16–23.

Jelsma, I., Gay, F., Ollivier, J., & Rapidel, B. (2024). Collective action, replanting and resilience: Key lessons from 40 years of smallholder oil palm cultivation in the Ophir plantation, Indonesia. Agricultural Systems, 213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103801

Jelsma, I., Schoneveld, G. C., Zoomers, A., & van Westen, A. C. M. (2017). Unpacking Indonesia’s independent oil palm smallholders: An actor-disaggregated approach to identifying environmental and social performance challenges. Land Use Policy, 69, 281–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.08.012

Lestari, W. P., Mardiningsih, D., & Gayatri, S. (2018). Peran kelompok tani terhadap tingkat pengetahuan petani jambu biji getas merah di Kelompok Tani Makmur Kecamatan Pageruyung Kabupaten Kendal. AGRISAINTIFIKA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian, 2(1), 84. https://doi.org/10.32585/ags.v2i1.222

Lighton, D., & Emmanuel, G. (2016). Determinants of agriculture commercialization among smallholder farmers in Manicaland and Masvingo Provinces of Zimbabwe. Agricultural Science Research Journal, 68(August), 182–190.

Magesa, M. M., Michael, K., & Ko, J. (2014). Access to agricultural market information by rural farmers in Tanzania. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research, 4(7), 7–9. http://www.esjournals.org

Minot, N., & Hill, R. V. (2007). Developing and connecting markets for poor farmers. October, 1–4.

Ogahara, Z., Jespersen, K., Theilade, I., & Nielsen, M. R. (2022). Review of smallholder palm oil sustainability reveals limited positive impacts and identifies key implementation and knowledge gaps. Land Use Policy, 120, 106258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106258

Permadi, R., & Winarti, L. (2018). The analysis of factors affecting farmers’ accessibility towards markets and its relation to farmers’ bargaining position. Jurnal Manajemen dan Agribisnis, 15(1), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.17358/jma.15.1.73

Raharja, S., Marimin, Machfud, Papilo, P., Safriyana, Massijaya, M. Y., Asrol, M., & Darmawan, M. A. (2020). Institutional strengthening model of oil palm independent smallholder in Riau and Jambi Provinces, Indonesia. Heliyon, 6(5), e03875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03875

Rahmadanih, Bulkis, S., Arsyad, M., Amrullah, A., & Viantika, N. M. (2018). Role of farmer group institutions in increasing farm production and household food security. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 157(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/157/1/012062

Ruml, A., Chrisendo, D., Iddrisu, A. M., Karakara, A. A., Nuryartono, N., Osabuohien, E., & Lay, J. (2022). Smallholders in agro-industrial production: Lessons for rural development from a comparative analysis of Ghana’s and Indonesia’s oil palm sectors. Land Use Policy, 119, 106196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106196

Sasmi, M., Agustar, A., Syarfi, I. W., & Hasnah. (2023). Empowerment of farmer institutions in improving farmer’s bargaining position. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1177(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1177/1/012001

Setiawati, A., Wijaya, M., & Setyowati, R. (2021). The role of the Sawangan Organic Rice Farmers Association in increasing the economic value of organic rice: Case study in Sawangan, Magelang. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 715(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/715/1/012011

Sitoe, T. A., & Sitole, A. (2019). Determinants of farmer’s participation in farmers’ associations: Empirical evidence from Maputo Green Belts, Mozambique. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 37(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2019/v37i130259

Syahza, A., & Asmit, B. (2020). Development of palm oil sector and future challenge in Riau Province, Indonesia. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 11(2), 149–170. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-07-2018-0073

Touch, V., Tan, D. K. Y., Cook, B. R., Liu, D. L., Cross, R., Tran, T. A., Utomo, A., Yous, S., Grunbuhel, C., & Cowie, A. (2024). Smallholder farmers’ challenges and opportunities: Implications for agricultural production, environment and food security. Journal of Environmental Management, 370, 122536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122536

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Maret

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Agribest

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.