Pengembangan Model Konseptual untuk Analisis Performa Boccia: Integrasi Klasifikasi Atlet, Fase Permainan, dan Level Kompetisi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32528/sport-mu.v6i2.4766Keywords:
performa boccia, klasifikasi fungsional, fase permainan, level kompetisi, model konseptual.Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model konseptual integratif performa Boccia melalui sintesis sistematis terhadap literatur yang ada. Penelitian tentang performa Boccia masih bersifat terfragmentasi karena umumnya mengkaji klasifikasi atlet, situasi permainan, atau konteks kompetisi secara terpisah. Tinjauan literatur sistematis dilakukan dengan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA menggunakan lima basis data, yaitu Scopus, PubMed, SportDiscus, Web of Science, dan Google Scholar, dengan rentang publikasi tahun 2010-2025. Studi empiris dan artikel tinjauan yang membahas determinan performa Boccia terkait klasifikasi fungsional, fase permainan, dan level kompetisi disertakan, sedangkan publikasi non-empiris dan studi yang tidak berkaitan dengan performa kompetitif dikecualikan. Sebanyak 23 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis isi tematik. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan tiga dimensi utama yang saling berinteraksi dalam membentuk performa Boccia. Klasifikasi fungsional atlet (BC1-BC4) membatasi kapasitas biomekanik, strategi kontrol motorik, dan konsistensi teknik. Fase permainan (awal, tengah, dan akhir) menciptakan tuntutan situasional yang berbeda terhadap pengambilan keputusan taktis dan akurasi. Level kompetisi berperan sebagai faktor moderator yang meningkatkan tuntutan presisi teknis dan regulasi psikologis, terutama pada level internasional. Model konseptual yang diusulkan menyediakan kerangka analisis terstruktur untuk analisis performa, perancangan latihan individual, dan perencanaan kompetisi, serta menjadi dasar pengujian empiris selanjutnya berbasis data pertandingan.
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