Strategi Counter-Hegemoni Rusia: Analisis Neo-Gramscian atas Kerja Sama Rusia-Myanmar Pasca 2021

Abstract

Kudeta militer Myanmar pada 1 Februari 2021 memicu krisis politik dan kemanusiaan serta memperdalam polarisasi geopolitik di Asia Tenggara. Di tengah tekanan dan sanksi Barat terhadap junta, Rusia justru meningkatkan kerja sama militer, diplomatik, dan ekonomi dengan Myanmar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi counter-hegemoni Rusia yang dipahami sebagai upaya menantang dominasi Barat dengan membangun kemitraan alternatif serta mendorong nilai dan prinsip yang berbeda dalam kebijakan luar negeri terhadap Myanmar pasca 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus serta analisis dokumen terhadap sumber akademik, laporan internasional, dan data sekunder yang relevan, yang dipadukan dengan pengkodean tematik dan analisis interpretatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dukungan Rusia terhadap Myanmar merupakan strategi sistematis untuk melemahkan efektivitas tekanan Barat dengan menyediakan alternatif militer, diplomatik, dan normatif bagi junta. Melalui kerja sama pertahanan, dukungan di forum multilateral, serta penekanan pada prinsip kedaulatan dan non-intervensi, Rusia tidak hanya mempertahankan hubungan bilateral, tetapi juga secara aktif memposisikan diri sebagai penyeimbang terhadap tatanan liberal Barat. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa Myanmar berfungsi sebagai arena strategis bagi Rusia untuk menguji dan memperluas praktik counter-hegemoni di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Kesimpulannya, kebijakan Rusia terhadap Myanmar mencerminkan strategi geopolitik yang terintegrasi untuk memperluas pengaruh global sekaligus menantang dominasi norma dan institusi Barat dalam sistem internasional kontemporer

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Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Juli

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